西藏缩栉蚤属一新种（蚤目：角叶蚤科）

1978年在西藏自大耳鼠兔Ochotona macrotis采到缩栉蚤属一新种,定名为西藏缩栉蚤Brevictenidia xizangensis sp.nov.。     

银纹夜蛾的核型多角体病毒病

银纹夜蛾(Plusia agnata Staudinger)幼虫是大豆主要食叶害虫。在泰安地区,历年约占大豆害虫总发生量的70％以上;除大豆外,还为害甘蓝、白菜、棉麻等作物。 1979年6月,发现室内饲养的银纹夜蛾幼虫有倒挂死亡的虫体,经鉴定是一种核型多角体病毒病,现将其实验结果报道如下。     

温度对干旱、盐胁迫下两种黄芪属种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨温度对干旱、盐胁迫下黄芪属种子萌发和幼苗生长特性的影响,以黄芪属蒙古黄芪和扁茎黄芪2种种子为研究对象,纯净水处理为对照组,NaCl、PEG处理为实验组,设置4个渗透势水平(0、-0.1、-0.3、-0.5 MPa),置于5种不同的温度(10、15、20、25、30 ℃)下,每日观察并记录两种种子萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明：旱盐胁迫下蒙古黄芪和扁茎黄芪种子萌发最适宜的温度分别为25和20 ℃左右;蒙古黄芪耐高温不耐低温,而扁茎黄芪恰恰相反;但25和20 ℃均适宜两种幼苗生长,包括胚根、胚轴和子叶的生长。蒙古黄芪各处理组(除未发芽的种子)的平均发芽时间都比扁茎黄芪长;NaCl胁迫程度的增加使得两种种子的最终发芽率降低,但蒙古黄芪的耐盐性高于扁茎黄芪;随着PEG胁迫程度的增加,二者的发芽均受到抑制,甚至会出现完全不萌发,但扁茎黄芪的耐旱性高于蒙古黄芪;在相同的渗透势时,尤其是-0.5 MPa,PEG比NaCl对两种种子的影响大;交互胁迫作用下,随着渗透势的增加两种幼苗的鲜重、干重以及胚根、胚轴、子叶的长和宽变化较大;利用Design Expert软件预测发现：温度25 ℃、NaCl渗透势为-0.1 MPa,温度24 ℃、PEG渗透势为-0.04 MPa的处理是蒙古黄芪种子萌发和幼苗生长达到最优化的组合;而扁茎黄芪最优化的组合则为23 ℃下NaCl渗透势为-0.07 MPa的处理,20 ℃下PEG渗透势为-0.13 MPa的处理。     

大鼠尾壳核衰老变化定量分析：Ⅱ.多巴胺（DA）系统

本实验结果表明:衰老大鼠(26—27月龄)尾壳核多巴胺(DA)神经末梢膨体较成年组(3—4月龄)明显减少,而单个膨体内DA含量较成年组显著增多,提示纹状体DA系统在衰老过程中可能具有一定的代偿机制。本文对其意义进行了讨论。     

Cell sheet technology: a promising strategy in regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine is a burgeoning field that is important to combat challenging diseases and functional impairments. Compared with traditional cell therapies with evident shortcomings (e.g., cell suspension injection or tissue engineering with scaffolds), scaffold-free cell sheet technology enables transplanted cells to be grafted and fully maintain their viability on target sites. Clinical and experimental studies have advanced the application of cell sheet technology to numerous tissues and organs (e.g., liver, cornea and bone). However, previous reviews have failed to discuss vital aspects of this rapidly developing technology, and many new challenges are gradually emerging. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to cell sheet technology from cell selection to the ultimate applications of cell sheets, and challenges and future visions are also described.     

Seasonal changes in the biomass of floating leaved plant,Trapa spp., and its relation with a leaf beetle,Galerucella nipponensis,in Lake Inba,Japan

Limnology - Trapa spp. dominate many shallow eutrophic lakes in Japan, which must affect the nutrient dynamics in lakes. Trapa spp. are utilized by several animals, in particular the leaf beetle,...     

Structural Change of DNA Induced by Nucleoid Proteins: Growth Phase-Specific Fis and Stationary Phase-Specific Dps

The effects of nucleoid proteins Fis and Dps of Escherichia coli on the higher order structure of a giant DNA were studied, in which Fis and Dps are known to be expressed mainly in the exponential growth phase and stationary phase, respectively. Fis causes loose shrinking of the higher order structure of a genome-sized DNA, T4 DNA (166 kbp), in a cooperative manner, that is, the DNA conformational transition proceeds through the appearance of a bimodal size distribution or the coexistence of elongated coil and shrunken globular states. The effective volume of the loosely shrunken state induced by Fis is 30–60 times larger than that of the compact state induced by spermidine, suggesting that cellular enzymes can access for DNA with the shrunken state but cannot for the compact state. Interestingly, Dps tends to inhibit the Fis-induced shrinkage of DNA, but promotes DNA compaction in the presence of spermidine. These characteristic effects of nucleotide proteins on a giant DNA are discussed by adopting a simple theoretical model with a mean-field approximation.     

Evidence for the Regulation of the Shift in Cellulose Microfibril Orientation in Freeze-Fractured Plasma Membrane of Boergesenia forbesii

Morphological evidence regarding the regulation of the directionof movement of the cellulose-synthesizing complexes in Boergeseniawas obtained by observing the distribution of intramembranousparticles (IMPS) around the complexes. In complexes with straightconfigurations, the distribution of IMPS on both sides of thecomplexes was almost equal. In complexes characterized by acurved configuration, however, the IMPS density was greaterin the outer half-circle of the curve. Some particles on thisside were attached to or intruded into the complex, and theirsizes were no different from those of the IMPS on the fracturedplane. These results indicate that the distribution and orientationof the particles in relation to the complex have been affectedby membrane fluidity and, that membrane fluidity might playa key role in determining the regulation of the direction ofmovement of the complex. (Received July 16, 1984; Accepted October 12, 1984)     

Microflow system promotes acetaminophen crystal nucleation

It is known that interfaces have various impacts on crystallization from a solution. Here, we describe crystallization of acetaminophen using a microflow channel, in which two liquids meet and form a liquid–liquid interface due to laminar flow, resulting in uniform mixing of solvents on the molecular scale. In the anti‐solvent method, the microflow mixing promoted the crystallization more than bulk mixing. Furthermore, increased flow rate encouraged crystal formation, and a metastable form appeared under a certain flow condition. This means that interface management by the microchannel could be a beneficial tool for crystallization and polymorph control.     

全球微生态药物研发现状及发展趋势 *

微生态药物在许多复杂性和慢性疾病中显示出极大的潜力,逐渐成为国际制药行业的新趋势。基于科睿唯安旗下的Cortellis数据库,采用定量分析和专家智慧相结合的方法,从总体研发现状、主要国家/地区、主要适应症、重点企业研发管线、重点在研药物、商业化交易多个维度展现全球微生态药物的研发和商业化全景。分析结果显示:全球共有142个在研微生态药物,其中49个药物处于临床阶段。美国在微生态药物研发和商业化方面遥遥领先,其数量占在研药物总量的70%。在研药物的适应症主要集中于炎症性肠病、艰难梭菌感染、溃疡性结肠炎等肠道感染性疾病。4D pharma公司的在研药物数量最多,微生态药物重点研发企业均建立起核心技术平台。处于临床3期的微生态药物共有7个,全球微生态药物商业化交易共有303起,最大的交易金额是27.8亿美元。未来,微生态药物有望在更难被人类征服的肿瘤和神经系统疾病方面取得突破性进展。